Zuhud Era Modern dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an: Studi Komparatif Tafsir Al-Baḥr Al-Madīd dan Tafsir Al-Misbah

Abstrak

This study is motivated by the increasing spiritual crisis, moral degradation, and the growing tendencies toward materialism and consumerism in modern life, which have highlighted the need to reexamine the concept of zuhd (asceticism) in the Qur'an. The main problem of this study is to investigate the concept of zuhd in the modern era from the Qur'anic perspective as interpreted in Tafsīr al-Baḥr al-Madīd fī Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-Majīd by Ibn 'Ajibah and Tafsīr al-Miṣbāḥ by M. Quraish Shihab. The research questions focus on how the two exegetes interpret the Qur'anic verses concerning zuhd, the similarities and differences in their interpretative methods, and the relevance of the concept of zuhd to contemporary life. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method. The data were collected through documentary studies of the Qur'an, classical and contemporary Qur'anic commentaries, books, and other relevant scholarly literature. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, supported by source triangulation to ensure data validity. The findings reveal that both Ibn 'Ajibah and M. Quraish Shihab interpret zuhd as an attitude of detaching one's heart from worldly attachment without rejecting worldly life altogether. Ibn 'Ajibah views zuhd as a spiritual maqām through an ishārī (mystical) interpretative approach, whereas M. Quraish Shihab explains it contextually through linguistic and socio-contextual analysis that corresponds to the realities of modern society. Both scholars emphasize that zuhd does not mean withdrawing from worldly activities but rather utilizing worldly life as a means of attaining eternal happiness in the Hereafter. Therefore, the Qur'anic concept of zuhd remains relevant as a foundation for developing a balanced spiritual character that harmonizes worldly responsibilities with orientation toward the Hereafter