Transformasi Data Akademik: Optimalisasi Sistem Informasi Manajemen dalam Mendukung Pengambilan Keputusan Berbasis Bukti (Evidence-Based Decision Making) di Perguruan Tinggi

Abstract

The rapid growth of digital data in higher education institutions demands a systematic paradigm shift from conventional administrative archives toward strategically processed information. This study aims to evaluate the transformation of academic data through the optimization of Management Information Systems (MIS) to support evidence-based decision-making in universities. Using a qualitative literature study method with a conceptual approach, this research utilizes Russell Ackoff's DIKW Hierarchy, the DeLone & McLean Information Systems Success Model, and Herbert Simon's Bounded Rationality Theory as analytical frameworks. The findings demonstrate that data transformation within the DIKW hierarchy successfully elevates raw facts into strategic wisdom. Furthermore, the integration of DeLone & McLean's model with Simon's theory proves that a high-quality information system can expand the cognitive limitations of managers (bounded rationality) by mitigating data asymmetry and reducing cognitive load across three management levels: strategic, tactical, and operational. However, human resource barriers, particularly low data literacy and institutional culture resistance, remain significant challenges. This study implies that higher education institutions must establish continuous data literacy training and internal regulations requiring empirical data verification for every policy formulation